{"id":5964,"date":"2023-10-22T15:34:51","date_gmt":"2023-10-22T06:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar-korea.com\/?p=5964"},"modified":"2023-12-02T01:06:10","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T16:06:10","slug":"indonesia-wastewater-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar-korea.com\/en\/blog\/%ec%88%98%ec%b2%98%eb%a6%ac%eb%89%b4%ec%8a%a4\/%ec%9d%b8%eb%8f%84%eb%84%a4%ec%8b%9c%ec%95%84%ed%8f%90%ec%88%98-%ec%a0%95%eb%b3%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"Indonesian Domestic Wastewater Characterization Study"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Indonesia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Understanding the local market with Indonesian wastewater information<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This sludge characterization data is taken from Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 29, pages32397-32414 (2022), Indonesia.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a<\/a> With a population of 270 million, domestic wastewater is one of the main sources of wastewater from human activities in Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study found that the volume of grey water in Indonesia was 14 times higher than the volume of black water, and the volume of untreated grey water was 36 times higher than the volume of untreated black manure solids wastewater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Graywater: refers to kitchen and bathroom drainage that is reused after purification and treatment, also known as graywater. It can be widely used for industrial and agricultural purposes, drinking water, etc. depending on the purity of the water after purifying dishes and laundry water discharged from households.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key elements of concern include suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), oils and fats, nitrogen, and coliform bacteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The analysis shows that the large volume of graywater and lack of treatment can be a significant source of water pollution. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, domestic black water, which relies primarily on on-site treatment, is often inadequate due to a lack of quality control over facilities, operations, and maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indonesia is in dire need of an environmental management law to establish and ensure wastewater treatment at the household, community, or city level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indonesia has about 153 million people living in urban areas and about 117 million people living in rural areas (BPS2021a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In urban areas, the total volume, together with domestic wastewater (household, commercial, industrial) and non-stormwater flows, is estimated to be 14.3 km\u00b3\/year, where the treatment capacity of the facility is only 0.3 km\u00b3\/year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We begin this review by providing an overview of the current status, characteristics, and treatment systems for domestic wastewater in Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data collection and curation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Indonesia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Illustration )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After using\/screening the Indonesian Google literature from the last 10 years, 26 studies on domestic water consumption, 7 studies on domestic graywater, 11 studies on combined domestic graywater and septage wastewater, and 2 studies on septage wastewater were selected.<\/sub>
Supporting data was also collected from publications by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Indonesian Ministry of Health (MoH), and the Indonesian Statistics Agency (BPS), and the spatial distribution of the results is shown in Figure 1.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study was a one-time survey, and long-term studies are not included in this review.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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How Indonesia's domestic wastewater compares to other countries in Southeast Asia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Parameter<\/th>Unit<\/th>WQSa<\/sup><\/th>Weighted Life Count<\/th>Mixed (gray water + manure wastewater)<\/th>Manure Wastewater<\/th><\/tr>
\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9ab<\/sup><\/th>Thailandc<\/sup><\/th>\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9ad<\/sup><\/th>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9ae<\/sup><\/th>Thailandf<\/sup><\/th>Singaporeg<\/sup><\/th>Vietnamh<\/sup><\/th>\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9ai<\/sup><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
pH<\/td>-.<\/td>6-9<\/td>6.5-8.6 (7.2 \u00b1 0.8)<\/td>7.2 \u00b1 0.4<\/td>6.7-7.5 (7.1 \u00b1 0.3)<\/td>6.4 \u00b1 0.4<\/td>6.7-7.4 (7.0)<\/td>6.8-7.6 (7.2)<\/td>8.2<\/td>6.2-7.4 (6.8 \u00b1 0.8)<\/td><\/tr>
TSS<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>30<\/td>77-382 (189 \u00b1 115)<\/td>69 \u00b1 31<\/td>25-1148 (462 \u00b1 357)<\/td>14 \u00b1 3<\/td>15-243 (58)<\/td>58-5900 (771)<\/td>36<\/td>184-482 (333 \u00b1 211)<\/td><\/tr>
TDS<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>-.<\/td>152-376 (264 \u00b1 159)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td>124-430 (256)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td>652-840 (746 \u00b1 133)<\/td><\/tr>
BOD<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>30<\/td>125-401 (225 \u00b1 96)<\/td>90 \u00b1 44<\/td>135-480 (271 \u00b1 147)<\/td>118 \u00b1 14<\/td>12-52 (30)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td>206-850 (528 \u00b1 455)<\/td><\/tr>
COD<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>100<\/td>232-780 (418 \u00b1 219)<\/td>160 \u00b1 64<\/td>148-472 (311 \u00b1 144)<\/td>234 \u00b1 20<\/td>40-160 (100)<\/td>100-4590 (809)<\/td>116<\/td>509-2361 (1435 \u00b1 1310)<\/td><\/tr>
BOD\/COD<\/td>%<\/td>-.<\/td>29-95 (57 \u00b1 24)<\/td> <\/td>46-149 (89 \u00b1 47)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td>36-41 (38 \u00b1 3)<\/td><\/tr>
Oil and grease<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>5<\/td>24-87 (49 \u00b1 33)<\/td> <\/td>2-163 (61 \u00b1 89)<\/td> <\/td>5.3-29 (14)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td>14<\/td><\/tr>
Ammonia (NH3<\/sub>-N)<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>10<\/td>0.7-20 (7.5 \u00b1 8.6)<\/td> <\/td>0.1-259 (45 \u00b1 87)<\/td>12 \u00b1 0.2<\/td> <\/td> <\/td>36<\/td>112<\/td><\/tr>
Total nitrogen<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>-.<\/td>59-226 (142 \u00b1 119)<\/td> <\/td>35-192 (113 \u00b1 110)<\/td> <\/td>5-20 (10)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td>19-653 (336 \u00b1 448)<\/td><\/tr>
Phosphate (PO4<\/sub>3- \u0392<\/sup>-P)<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>-.<\/td>10-16 (13 \u00b1 4)<\/td> <\/td>0.4-1.3 (0.8 \u00b1 0.6)<\/td>5.0 \u00b1 0.2<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
Total phosphorus<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>-.<\/td>24<\/td>1.5 \u00b1 0.9<\/td>3-12 (6 \u00b1 5)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td>6.2<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
Faecal coliform<\/td>MPN\/100 ml<\/td>-.<\/td>2.4 \u00d7 103<\/sup>-1.2 \u00d7 109<\/sup> (4.0 \u00b1 6.9 \u00d7 108<\/sup>)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td>9.3 \u00d7 103<\/sup>-4.6 \u00d7 106<\/sup> (9.1 \u00d7 105<\/sup>)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td>9.8 \u00d7 105<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
Total coliform<\/td>MPN\/100 ml<\/td>3000<\/td> <\/td> <\/td>2.6 \u00d7 102<\/sup>-1.3 \u00d7 104<\/sup> (4.5 \u00b1 7.3 \u00d7 103<\/sup>)<\/td> <\/td>3.3 \u00d7 104<\/sup>-2.1 \u00d7 108<\/sup> (3.2 \u00d7 107<\/sup>)<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
MBAS<\/td>mg\/l<\/td>-.<\/td>0.2-22 (11 \u00b1 11)<\/td>5 \u00b1 4.8<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td>0.1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Indonesia's mixed wastewater (domestic + septage) has similar values in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Organic Compounds in Indonesian Domestic Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

We characterized graywater, mixed wastewater, and septage wastewater in Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n