{"id":6450,"date":"2023-12-29T04:03:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-28T19:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar-korea.com\/?p=6450"},"modified":"2025-11-03T17:03:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T08:03:51","slug":"zero-discharge-systems-and-decanter-centrifuge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar-korea.com\/en\/blog\/%ec%88%98%ec%b2%98%eb%a6%ac%eb%89%b4%ec%8a%a4\/%eb%ac%b4%eb%b0%a9%eb%a5%98%ec%8b%9c%ec%8a%a4%ed%85%9c%ea%b3%bc-%ec%9b%90%ec%8b%ac%ed%83%88%ec%88%98%ea%b8%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) and Secondary Battery Wastewater - Background, Pros and Cons"},"content":{"rendered":"
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About Secondary Battery Brine Wastewater Treatment in Zero Discharge Systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This is the last installment of our series on secondary battery wastewater, and we will discuss the treatment process and domestic companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Basically, in the previous article, we discussed the problems with secondary battery wastewater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. Secondary battery parks are located by the sea<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. In Korea, ecotoxicity TUs are measured based on freshwater fleas, so it is difficult to accurately determine the ocean impact of salt wastewater because there are no marine reference species.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Waste battery recycling companies and environmental companies are also continuing to research and develop wastewater-related technologies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Secondary battery technology is an ongoing development, so naturally, wastewater treatment is also being developed with various attempts. Today, we will introduce the processes and domestic companies that are good for basic salt wastewater treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Background of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems and their use overseas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \"zero<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    ZLD<\/a>is perfect for brackish water<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    ZLD stands for zero discharge system, which is a technology that is currently at the high end of the water treatment market, like ultrapure water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ‘\uc544\uc608 \ubc29\ub958\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub2e4’\ub77c\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc220\ub85c \uc774\ub294 \uace7 ‘\ubb3c \uc7ac\uc774\uc6a9\uc744 \ud558\uaca0\ub2e4’\ub77c\ub294 \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ud488\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, ZLD\ub294 \uc5f4\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc774 \uc6cc\ub099 \ub9ce\uace0 \uc774\uc0b0\ud654\ud0c4\uc18c \ubc30\ucd9c\uc774 \ub9ce\uc740 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The ideal picture would be a more advanced ZLD approach that reduces thermal energy use and leads to zero emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In my last column, I mentioned that the law of conservation of energy dictates that discharging fresh water into the ocean without reusing it will cumulatively cause the entire earth's groundwater to flow into the ocean, distorting the earth's rotation axis and resulting in groundwater depletion > water migration, as in the case of Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The purpose of ZLD is to achieve multiple benefits. The idea is to reuse all of the water rather than waste it, leaving only the pollutants behind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ‘\uc5fc\ud3d0\uc218’\uc758 \ubb34\uc11c\uc6b4 \uc810\uc740 \uc5fc\uc774 \uc0dd\ud0dc\ub3c5\uc131\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uba70 TU\uc218\uce58\ub85c \uc774\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubbfc\ubb3c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubc14\ub2e4\uac00 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc5b4\ub835\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc2e0\uccb4 \uc601\ud5a5\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubbf8\ud761\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    For secondary batteries, cobalt is harvested in some African countries where children are often used as laborers, and for lithium, there is a lack of in-depth research on the health effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \uc5fc\uc740 \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\uc640 \uc0dd\uba85\uc5d0\uac8c \ubbf8\uc9c0\uc758 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \ub530\ub974\uae30\uc5d0 \uc5fc\ud3d0\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 ‘ZERO LIQUID’\uc758 ZLD\ubb34\ubc29\ub958 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Key applications of ZLDs<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Reference : Chulhwan Moon, \"Zero Discharge System Policy and Technology, Future Directions\", KOSEN Analysis Report<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <Power plants in the United States<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    ZLDs were applied in the 1970s to regulate high concentrations of flue gas desulfurization wastewater and cooling tower discharges from offshore power plants in the United States.
    As the number of power plants increased and the salinity of the nearby sea increased, the number of ZLDs continued to increase, reaching 60\/82 as of 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The largest users of ZLD are power plants > electronics > fertilizers > chemical plants > mines.
    The U.S. recently amended its legislation to prioritize ZLDs for wastewater discharges from flooring and fly ash conveyances and flue gas mercury removal systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <Chemical raw material production base in China<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    China uses fossil fuels to produce chemical raw materials and has applied ZLD primarily in coal mines. This is because most mines are located in areas with few freshwater sources, making water reuse essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In countries like the United States, most power plants are equipped with ZLDs, with the largest proportion of ZLDs being installed in coal>chemical plants, with ZLDs ranging from 110 to 2,300\u33a5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <Textile factory in India<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Textile factories that discharge more than 25 cubic meters of wastewater per day have been required to install ZLDs since 2015. As of 2008, 29 dyeing plants were equipped with ZLDs to reuse water and recover and use separated salt.
    In addition to textile mills, brewing, alcohol distillation, power plants, and petrochemical plants are identified as potential markets for ZLD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    ZLD process basics and greenhouse gas issues<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 ZLD\uc758 \uae30\uc220\uc740 ‘\uc5f4\uc774\uc6a9 \uc5f0\uc18d\uacf5\uc815\uc758 \uc99d\ubc1c\uae30\uc220’\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    The approximate process of the ZLD system is shown below. It can be roughly categorized into two stages: pre-treatment and post-treatment of concentrate.<\/p>\nPretreatment (descaling of ions) > Raw water (demineralized concentrate) > Brine concentrator (MVC) > Brine crystallize or evaporation ponds<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \"ZLDs<\/figure>\n\n\n\n